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            <h1 id="seo-header">树莓派增强稳定性</h1>
            
            
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                <figure class="highlight clean"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs clean">sudo raspi-config<br><span class="hljs-string">&quot;Advanced Options&quot;</span> -&gt; <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Memory Split&quot;</span> -&gt; <span class="hljs-number">16</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Boot Options&quot;</span> -&gt; <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Desktop / CLI&quot;</span> -&gt; Console<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight gradle"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs gradle">sudo dd <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>=<span class="hljs-regexp">/dev/</span>zero of=<span class="hljs-regexp">/mnt/</span>swapfile bs=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>M <span class="hljs-keyword">count</span>=<span class="hljs-number">2048</span><br>sudo mkswap <span class="hljs-regexp">/mnt/</span>swapfile<br>sudo swapon <span class="hljs-regexp">/mnt/</span>swapfile<br>free<br>sudo nano <span class="hljs-regexp">/etc/</span>fstab<br>追加:<br><span class="hljs-regexp">/mnt/</span>swapfile    swap    swap    defaults <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span><br>删除:<br><span class="hljs-regexp">/mnt/</span>swapfile    swap    swap    defaults <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span><br>sudo swapoff <span class="hljs-regexp">/mnt/</span>swapfile<br>sudo rm <span class="hljs-regexp">/mnt/</span>swapfile<br>sudo nano <span class="hljs-regexp">/etc/</span>dphys-swapfile<br>修改 CONF_SWAPSIZE = <span class="hljs-number">2048</span><br>sudo <span class="hljs-regexp">/etc/i</span>nit.d/dphys-swapfile restart<br>free<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight awk"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs awk">sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata<br>-&gt;Asia-&gt;shanghai<br>date<br>sudo nano <span class="hljs-regexp">/etc/</span>crontab<br><span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span> * * <span class="hljs-number">2</span> root <span class="hljs-regexp">/sbin/</span>shutdown -r now<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight livecodeserver"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs livecodeserver">sudo apt-<span class="hljs-built_in">get</span> install chkconfig watchdog<br>sudo chkconfig watchdog <span class="hljs-keyword">on</span><br>sudo nano /etc/watchdog.conf<br>去掉 watchdog-device = /dev/watchdog 前的注释 <span class="hljs-comment">#号，让他监控的设备指向 CPU 的硬件看门狗 </span><br>去掉 <span class="hljs-built_in">max</span>-<span class="hljs-built_in">load</span><span class="hljs-number">-1</span> = <span class="hljs-number">24</span> 前的注释 <span class="hljs-comment">#号，当 1 分钟 load 进程超过 24 个的时候（一般 5 个就是超高负载了，更高可以认为是死机，这在遭遇 DDOS 攻击的时候很容易遇到）就触发重启）</span><br>还可以设置内存耗尽就重启，如 <span class="hljs-built_in">min</span>-memory =<span class="hljs-number">1</span> 前的注释 <span class="hljs-comment">#号去掉</span><br>sudo /etc/init.d/watchdog <span class="hljs-built_in">start</span> <br>sudo systemctl enable watchdog<br>可以运行一下 <span class="hljs-built_in">shell</span> 炸弹 <span class="hljs-string">&quot; :()&#123; ::&amp;&#125;;: &quot;</span>测试一下能不能正常工作<br>如果看门狗奏效，树莓派会在 <span class="hljs-number">10</span> 秒后重启~~ 然后又可以 ssh 连接了。<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br><span class="line">119</span><br><span class="line">120</span><br><span class="line">121</span><br><span class="line">122</span><br><span class="line">123</span><br><span class="line">124</span><br><span class="line">125</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs bash"><span class="hljs-meta">#!/bin/sh</span><br><br><span class="hljs-comment">#echo ===================== part 1, install tools ===============================</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#sudo apt-get -y install rsync dosfstools parted kpartx exfat-fuse pv</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#sudo fdisk -l</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/u/</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#echo ===================== part 2, choose USB ===============================</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#mount USB device</span><br>usbmount=/mnt/u<br><span class="hljs-comment">#mkdir -p $usbmount</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#if [ -z $1 ]; then</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#echo &quot;no argument, assume the mount device is /dev/sda1 ? Y/N&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#read key</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#if [ &quot;$key&quot; = &quot;y&quot; -o &quot;$key&quot; = &quot;Y&quot; ]; then</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#sudo mount -o uid=1000 /dev/sda1 $usbmount</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#else</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#echo &quot;$0 [backup dest device name], e.g. $0 /dev/sda1&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#exit 0</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#fi</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#else</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#sudo mount -o uid=1000 $1 $usbmount</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#fi</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#if [ -z &quot;`grep $usbmount /etc/mtab`&quot; ]; then</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#echo &quot;mount fail, exit now&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#exit 0</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#fi </span><br><br>img=<span class="hljs-variable">$usbmount</span>/rpi-back-`<span class="hljs-built_in">date</span> +%Y%m%d-%H%M`.img<br><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;img：<span class="hljs-variable">$img</span>&quot;</span><br><br><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> ===================== part 3, create a new blank img ===============================<br><span class="hljs-comment"># New img file</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#sudo rm $img</span><br>bootsz=`<span class="hljs-built_in">df</span> -P  grep /boot  awk <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;&#123;print $2&#125;&#x27;</span>`<br>rootsz=`<span class="hljs-built_in">df</span> -P  grep /dev/root  awk <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;&#123;print $3&#125;&#x27;</span>`<br>totalsz=`<span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$bootsz</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$rootsz</span>  awk <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;&#123;print int(($1+$2)*1.3)&#125;&#x27;</span>`<br><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;start create img，total size=<span class="hljs-variable">$&#123;totalsz&#125;</span>K&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=$img bs=1K count=$totalsz</span><br>pv -tpreb /dev/zero sudo <span class="hljs-built_in">dd</span> of=<span class="hljs-variable">$img</span> bs=1K count=<span class="hljs-variable">$totalsz</span><br><br><span class="hljs-comment"># format virtual disk</span><br>bootstart=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0  grep mmcblk0p1  awk <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;&#123;print $2&#125;&#x27;</span>`<br>bootend=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0  grep mmcblk0p1  awk <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;&#123;print $3&#125;&#x27;</span>`<br>rootstart=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0  grep mmcblk0p2  awk <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;&#123;print $2&#125;&#x27;</span>`<br><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;format virtual disk:    boot: <span class="hljs-variable">$bootstart</span> &gt;&gt;&gt; <span class="hljs-variable">$bootend</span>, root: <span class="hljs-variable">$rootstart</span> &gt;&gt;&gt; end&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">#rootend=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0  grep mmcblk0p2  awk &#x27;&#123;print $3&#125;&#x27;`</span><br>sudo parted <span class="hljs-variable">$img</span> --script -- mklabel msdos<br>sudo parted <span class="hljs-variable">$img</span> --script -- mkpart primary fat32 <span class="hljs-variable">$&#123;bootstart&#125;</span>s <span class="hljs-variable">$&#123;bootend&#125;</span>s<br>sudo parted <span class="hljs-variable">$img</span> --script -- mkpart primary ext4 <span class="hljs-variable">$&#123;rootstart&#125;</span>s -1<br>loopdevice=`sudo losetup -f --show <span class="hljs-variable">$img</span>`<br>device=/dev/mapper/`sudo kpartx -va <span class="hljs-variable">$loopdevice</span>  sed -E <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;s/.*(loop[0-9])p.*/\1/g&#x27;</span>  <span class="hljs-built_in">head</span> -1`<br><span class="hljs-built_in">sleep</span> 5<br>sudo mkfs.vfat <span class="hljs-variable">$&#123;device&#125;</span>p1 -n boot<br>sudo mkfs.ext4 <span class="hljs-variable">$&#123;device&#125;</span>p2<br><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;format finish&quot;</span><br><br><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> ===================== part 4, fill the data to img =========================<br><span class="hljs-comment"># mount partitions</span><br>mountb=<span class="hljs-variable">$usbmount</span>/backup_boot/<br>mountr=<span class="hljs-variable">$usbmount</span>/backup_root/<br><span class="hljs-built_in">mkdir</span> -p <span class="hljs-variable">$mountb</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span><br><span class="hljs-comment"># backup /boot</span><br>sudo mount -t vfat <span class="hljs-variable">$&#123;device&#125;</span>p1 <span class="hljs-variable">$mountb</span><br>sudo <span class="hljs-built_in">cp</span> -rfp /boot/* <span class="hljs-variable">$mountb</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">sync</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;...Boot partition done&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-comment"># backup /root</span><br>sudo mount -t ext4 <span class="hljs-variable">$&#123;device&#125;</span>p2 <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> [ -f /etc/dphys-swapfile ]; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span><br>        SWAPFILE=`<span class="hljs-built_in">cat</span> /etc/dphys-swapfile  grep ^CONF_SWAPFILE  <span class="hljs-built_in">cut</span> -f 2 -d=`<br><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> [ <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$SWAPFILE</span>&quot;</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span> ]; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span><br>SWAPFILE=/var/swap<br><span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span><br>EXCLUDE_SWAPFILE=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;--exclude <span class="hljs-variable">$SWAPFILE</span>&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span><br>sudo rsync --force -rltWDEgop --delete --stats --progress \<br><span class="hljs-variable">$EXCLUDE_SWAPFILE</span> \<br>--exclude <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;.gvfs&#x27;</span> \<br>--exclude <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;/dev&#x27;</span> \<br>        --exclude <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;/media&#x27;</span> \<br>--exclude <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;/mnt&#x27;</span> \<br>--exclude <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;/proc&#x27;</span> \<br>        --exclude <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;/run&#x27;</span> \<br>--exclude <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;/sys&#x27;</span> \<br>--exclude <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;/tmp&#x27;</span> \<br>        --exclude <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;lost\+found&#x27;</span> \<br>--exclude <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;$usbmount&#x27;</span> \<br>// <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span><br><span class="hljs-comment"># special dirs </span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> dev media mnt proc run sys boot; <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> [ ! -d <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span>/<span class="hljs-variable">$i</span> ]; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span><br>sudo <span class="hljs-built_in">mkdir</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span>/<span class="hljs-variable">$i</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">done</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> [ ! -d <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span>/tmp ]; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span><br>sudo <span class="hljs-built_in">mkdir</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span>/tmp<br>sudo <span class="hljs-built_in">chmod</span> a+w <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span>/tmp<br><span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span><br><br><span class="hljs-comment">#sudo rm -f $mountr/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</span><br><br><span class="hljs-built_in">sync</span> <br><span class="hljs-built_in">ls</span> -lia <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span>/home/pi/<br><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;...Root partition done&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-comment"># if using the dump/restore </span><br><span class="hljs-comment"># tmp=$usbmount/root.ext4</span><br><span class="hljs-comment"># sudo chattr +d $img $mountb $mountr $tmp</span><br><span class="hljs-comment"># sudo mount -t ext4 $&#123;device&#125;p2 $mountr</span><br><span class="hljs-comment"># cd $mountr</span><br><span class="hljs-comment"># sudo dump -0uaf - /  sudo restore -rf -</span><br><span class="hljs-comment"># cd</span><br><br><br><span class="hljs-comment"># replace PARTUUID</span><br>opartuuidb=`blkid -o <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> /dev/mmcblk0p1  grep PARTUUID`<br>opartuuidr=`blkid -o <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> /dev/mmcblk0p2  grep PARTUUID`<br>npartuuidb=`blkid -o <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$&#123;device&#125;</span>p1  grep PARTUUID`<br>npartuuidr=`blkid -o <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$&#123;device&#125;</span>p2  grep PARTUUID`<br>sudo sed -i <span class="hljs-string">&quot;s/<span class="hljs-variable">$opartuuidr</span>/<span class="hljs-variable">$npartuuidr</span>/g&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$mountb</span>/cmdline.txt<br>sudo sed -i <span class="hljs-string">&quot;s/<span class="hljs-variable">$opartuuidb</span>/<span class="hljs-variable">$npartuuidb</span>/g&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span>/etc/fstab<br>sudo sed -i <span class="hljs-string">&quot;s/<span class="hljs-variable">$opartuuidr</span>/<span class="hljs-variable">$npartuuidr</span>/g&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span>/etc/fstab<br><br>sudo umount <span class="hljs-variable">$mountb</span><br>sudo umount <span class="hljs-variable">$mountr</span><br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs routeros">sudo nano -K /etc/dhcpcd.conf<span class="hljs-built_in"></span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">interface </span>eth0<br>static <span class="hljs-attribute">ip_address</span>=192.168.1.240/24<br>static <span class="hljs-attribute">routers</span>=192.168.1.1<br>static <span class="hljs-attribute">domain_name_servers</span>=114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
                
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