b.limour.top/source/_posts/树莓派增强稳定性.md

---

title: 树莓派增强稳定性 tags:

• raspberrypi
• 稳定 id: '133' categories:

• • Raspberry Pi

    date: 2020-05-31 14:18:40

    sudo raspi-config
    "Advanced Options" -> "Memory Split" -> 16 "Boot Options" -> "Desktop / CLI" -> Console
    

    sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/swapfile bs=1M count=2048
    sudo mkswap /mnt/swapfile
    sudo swapon /mnt/swapfile
    free
    sudo nano /etc/fstab
    追加:
    /mnt/swapfile    swap    swap    defaults 0 0
    删除:
    /mnt/swapfile    swap    swap    defaults 0 0
    sudo swapoff /mnt/swapfile
    sudo rm /mnt/swapfile
    sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile
    修改 CONF_SWAPSIZE = 2048
    sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile restart
    free
    

    sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
    ->Asia->shanghai
    date
    sudo nano /etc/crontab
    0 3 * * 2 root /sbin/shutdown -r now
    

    sudo apt-get install chkconfig watchdog
    sudo chkconfig watchdog on
    sudo nano /etc/watchdog.conf
    去掉 watchdog-device = /dev/watchdog 前的注释 #号，让他监控的设备指向 CPU 的硬件看门狗 
    去掉 max-load-1 = 24 前的注释 #号，当 1 分钟 load 进程超过 24 个的时候（一般 5 个就是超高负载了，更高可以认为是死机，这在遭遇 DDOS 攻击的时候很容易遇到）就触发重启）
    还可以设置内存耗尽就重启，如 min-memory =1 前的注释 #号去掉
    sudo /etc/init.d/watchdog start 
    sudo systemctl enable watchdog
    可以运行一下 shell 炸弹 " :(){ ::&};: "测试一下能不能正常工作
    如果看门狗奏效，树莓派会在 10 秒后重启~~ 然后又可以 ssh 连接了。
    

    #!/bin/sh
    
    #echo ===================== part 1, install tools ===============================
    #sudo apt-get -y install rsync dosfstools parted kpartx exfat-fuse pv
    #sudo fdisk -l
    #mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/u/
    #echo ===================== part 2, choose USB ===============================
    #mount USB device
    usbmount=/mnt/u
    #mkdir -p $usbmount
    #if [ -z $1 ]; then
    #echo "no argument, assume the mount device is /dev/sda1 ? Y/N"
    #read key
    #if [ "$key" = "y" -o "$key" = "Y" ]; then
    #sudo mount -o uid=1000 /dev/sda1 $usbmount
    #else
    #echo "$0 [backup dest device name], e.g. $0 /dev/sda1"
    #exit 0
    #fi
    #else
    #sudo mount -o uid=1000 $1 $usbmount
    #fi
    #if [ -z "`grep $usbmount /etc/mtab`" ]; then
    #echo "mount fail, exit now"
    #exit 0
    #fi 
    
    img=$usbmount/rpi-back-`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M`.img
    echo "img：$img"
    
    echo ===================== part 3, create a new blank img ===============================
    # New img file
    #sudo rm $img
    bootsz=`df -P  grep /boot  awk '{print $2}'`
    rootsz=`df -P  grep /dev/root  awk '{print $3}'`
    totalsz=`echo $bootsz $rootsz  awk '{print int(($1+$2)*1.3)}'`
    echo "start create img，total size=${totalsz}K"
    #sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=$img bs=1K count=$totalsz
    pv -tpreb /dev/zero sudo dd of=$img bs=1K count=$totalsz
    
    # format virtual disk
    bootstart=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0  grep mmcblk0p1  awk '{print $2}'`
    bootend=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0  grep mmcblk0p1  awk '{print $3}'`
    rootstart=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0  grep mmcblk0p2  awk '{print $2}'`
    echo "format virtual disk:    boot: $bootstart >>> $bootend, root: $rootstart >>> end"
    #rootend=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0  grep mmcblk0p2  awk '{print $3}'`
    sudo parted $img --script -- mklabel msdos
    sudo parted $img --script -- mkpart primary fat32 ${bootstart}s ${bootend}s
    sudo parted $img --script -- mkpart primary ext4 ${rootstart}s -1
    loopdevice=`sudo losetup -f --show $img`
    device=/dev/mapper/`sudo kpartx -va $loopdevice  sed -E 's/.*(loop[0-9])p.*/\1/g'  head -1`
    sleep 5
    sudo mkfs.vfat ${device}p1 -n boot
    sudo mkfs.ext4 ${device}p2
    echo "format finish"
    
    echo ===================== part 4, fill the data to img =========================
    # mount partitions
    mountb=$usbmount/backup_boot/
    mountr=$usbmount/backup_root/
    mkdir -p $mountb $mountr
    # backup /boot
    sudo mount -t vfat ${device}p1 $mountb
    sudo cp -rfp /boot/* $mountb
    sync
    echo "...Boot partition done"
    # backup /root
    sudo mount -t ext4 ${device}p2 $mountr
    if [ -f /etc/dphys-swapfile ]; then
    SWAPFILE=`cat /etc/dphys-swapfile  grep ^CONF_SWAPFILE  cut -f 2 -d=`
    if [ "$SWAPFILE" = "" ]; then
    SWAPFILE=/var/swap
    fi
    EXCLUDE_SWAPFILE="--exclude $SWAPFILE"
    fi
    sudo rsync --force -rltWDEgop --delete --stats --progress \
    $EXCLUDE_SWAPFILE \
    --exclude '.gvfs' \
    --exclude '/dev' \
    --exclude '/media' \
    --exclude '/mnt' \
    --exclude '/proc' \
    --exclude '/run' \
    --exclude '/sys' \
    --exclude '/tmp' \
    --exclude 'lost\+found' \
    --exclude '$usbmount' \
    // $mountr
    # special dirs 
    for i in dev media mnt proc run sys boot; do
    if [ ! -d $mountr/$i ]; then
    sudo mkdir $mountr/$i
    fi
    done
    if [ ! -d $mountr/tmp ]; then
    sudo mkdir $mountr/tmp
    sudo chmod a+w $mountr/tmp
    fi
    
    #sudo rm -f $mountr/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
    
    sync 
    ls -lia $mountr/home/pi/
    echo "...Root partition done"
    # if using the dump/restore 
    # tmp=$usbmount/root.ext4
    # sudo chattr +d $img $mountb $mountr $tmp
    # sudo mount -t ext4 ${device}p2 $mountr
    # cd $mountr
    # sudo dump -0uaf - /  sudo restore -rf -
    # cd
    
    
    # replace PARTUUID
    opartuuidb=`blkid -o export /dev/mmcblk0p1  grep PARTUUID`
    opartuuidr=`blkid -o export /dev/mmcblk0p2  grep PARTUUID`
    npartuuidb=`blkid -o export ${device}p1  grep PARTUUID`
    npartuuidr=`blkid -o export ${device}p2  grep PARTUUID`
    sudo sed -i "s/$opartuuidr/$npartuuidr/g" $mountb/cmdline.txt
    sudo sed -i "s/$opartuuidb/$npartuuidb/g" $mountr/etc/fstab
    sudo sed -i "s/$opartuuidr/$npartuuidr/g" $mountr/etc/fstab
    
    sudo umount $mountb
    sudo umount $mountr
    
    

    sudo nano -K /etc/dhcpcd.conf
    interface eth0
    static ip_address=192.168.1.240/24
    static routers=192.168.1.1
    static domain_name_servers=114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8