-yi-xue-ru-chong-zhi-tao-chong.html 26 KB

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  166. <h1 id="seo-header">【迁移】寄生虫三:医学蠕虫之绦虫</h1>
  167. <p id="updated-time" class="note note-info" style="">
  168. Last updated on March 19, 2024 pm
  169. </p>
  170. <div class="markdown-body">
  171. <div class="note note-info">
  172. <p><a href="https://hexo.limour.top/go/#aHR0cHM6Ly9jb2RlYmVhdXRpZnkub3JnL2h0bWwtdG8tbWFya2Rvd24=" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer">Code Beautify</a> 从 wordpress 自动转换而来,可能存在格式错误。</p>
  173. </div>
  174. <p>绦虫属于扁形动物门,多数寄生于脊椎动物的消化道,幼虫寄生于中间宿主(包括人体)各种组织内。无口及消化道,无体腔,绝大多数雌雄同体。</p>
  175. <p><img src="https://img.limour.top/2023/09/01/64f0bd66450f1.webp" srcset="https://jscdn.limour.top/gh/Limour-dev/Sakurairo_Vision/load_svg/inload.svg" lazyload alt=""></p>
  176. <h2 id="裂头蚴-曼氏迭宫绦虫">裂头蚴/曼氏迭宫绦虫</h2>
  177. <p>人并非本虫的适宜终宿主。感染主要是由于体表局部敷贴生蛙肉、吞食生的蛙、蛇、鸡或猪肉,误食感染的剑水蚤等。</p>
  178. <p>成虫子宫位于节片中部,螺旋状盘曲,紧密重叠(迭宫)。终宿主是猫、犬及其他食肉动物,第一中间宿主是剑水蚤,第二中间宿主是蛙,蛇、鸟、猪等可作为转续宿主,人可作为第二中间宿主、转续宿主和终宿主。</p>
  179. <p>裂头蚴病比成虫致病常见且严重。裂头蚴在移行或寄居部位形成囊腔、穴道和嗜酸性肉芽肿囊包,使局部肿胀、甚至发生脓肿。当寄生于皮下肌肉、口腔颌面或外眼等器官时,主要表现为游走性皮下结节或肿块,病人有疼痛以及虫爬感和小白虫逸出史等。寄生于脑、脊髓或眼球深部组织时则主要表现为压迫以及占位性病变,如癫痫、瘫痪、视力障碍。成虫感染则是中、上腹不适,隐痛、恶心呕吐等。</p>
  180. <p>诊断成虫检查粪便虫卵、裂头蚴病局部组织检出虫体、影像学和免疫学辅助检查。</p>
  181. <p>成虫感染口服吡喹酮、阿苯达唑。裂头蚴靠手术摘除,或用40%酒精普鲁卡因2~4ml局部注射杀虫。</p>
  182. <h2 id="带绦虫-链状带绦虫和肥胖带绦虫">带绦虫/链状带绦虫和肥胖带绦虫</h2>
  183. <p>人是唯一的终宿主。猪带绦虫:误食囊蚴得猪带绦虫病,误食虫卵得囊尾蚴病,有自体感染、自体外感染、异体感染。牛带绦虫:误食含有活囊尾蚴的牛肉。</p>
  184. <p>成虫主要寄生在小肠,孕节脱落,随粪便排出,孕节被人食入得囊虫病,被猪食入,在十二指肠孵出六钩蚴,钻入肠壁,血管移行、肺、左心、全身各组织形成囊尾蚴,被人食入,在十二指肠胆汁刺激下翻出头节,以吸盘和小钩附着于肠黏膜上,发育为成虫。</p>
  185. <p>成虫寄生在小肠引起绦虫病。牛带绦虫的囊尾蚴不寄生人体,牛是唯一的中间宿主。猪带绦虫则引起皮下肌肉囊虫病、眼囊虫病、脑囊虫病。</p>
  186. <p>诊断找孕节,数分支,猪带绦虫每侧分支7~13支,牛带绦虫每侧15~30支。猪带绦虫也可以粪便饱和盐水漂浮法或直接涂片法。皮下肌肉可以活检,脑可以影像学和免疫检查,眼可以眼底镜检查。</p>
  187. <p>中药驱虫安全可靠,成功标准是排出头节。用南瓜子和槟榔煎剂。确定没有脑囊虫,可以用吡喹酮、阿苯达唑、甲苯达唑。</p>
  188. <h2 id="包虫-细粒棘球绦虫">包虫/细粒棘球绦虫</h2>
  189. <p>成虫寄生于犬科动物的肠道内,幼虫寄生于食草动物和人的组织、脏器中。引起囊性包虫病。</p>
  190. <p>犬科动物的小肠内的孕节脱落,随粪便排出,卵被食草动物或人食入,在十二指肠孵出六钩蚴,钻入肠壁,经血管移行,幼虫依次在肝、肺、腹腔、脑、脾、肾、骨、子宫、眼等器官,形成棘球蚴,牛羊被犬吞食后,囊内原头蚴在胆汁刺激下翻出顶突,附着小肠壁,逐渐发育为成虫。</p>
  191. <p>棘球蚴囊占位压迫,肺/颅脑/骨等囊型棘球蚴病。囊破裂会发生继发感染和种植性生长。</p>
  192. <p>诊断禁忌穿刺,依据手术取出的棘球蚴,或痰、胸膜积液、腹水、尿液中拣获的棘球蚴碎片或原头蚴。或影像学、免疫学检查。</p>
  193. <p>治疗以外科手术为主,对早期的小棘球蚴,可口服阿苯达、吡喹酮、甲苯达唑。</p>
  194. <h2 id="泡球蚴-多房棘球蚴">泡球蚴/多房棘球蚴</h2>
  195. <p>从事猎狐、饲养狐和加工、买卖毛皮制品等生产活动的人群尤其易感。引起泡球蚴,呈弥漫型浸润,有“虫癌”之称。</p>
  196. <p>人是多房棘球绦虫的非适宜中间宿主,人体感染囊泡内含胶状物而无原头蚴。常见终宿主为犬科动物,偶尔可寄生猫体内。中间宿主为啮齿动物、耗牛、绵羊和人等。成虫寄生在终宿主小肠,孕节和虫卵随粪便排出,鼠类等因觅食终宿主粪便而感染,人因误食虫卵而感染。体内带有泡球蚴的鼠或动物内脏被终宿主吞食后,囊内原头蚴逸出,经45天发育为成虫。</p>
  197. <p>泡球蚴危害严重,病死率高。泡球蚴几乎原发于肝脏,弥漫性浸润,波及整个器官。除肝脏外,肺、脑等经肝血液继发感染转移过来。皮下、脾、膀胱等都可被寄生。</p>
  198. <p>适用于棘球蚴的诊断,免疫诊断效果尤佳。</p>
  199. <p>治疗以手术为主,药物用阿苯达唑、甲苯达唑和吡喹酮。</p>
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  211. <div>【迁移】寄生虫三:医学蠕虫之绦虫</div>
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  225. <div>March 19, 2024</div>
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